Vitamin B12 is a crucial nutrient necessary for several bodily functions, including DNA synthesis, energy production, and the smooth operation of the central nervous system. Despite its availability in many food sources, B12 deficiency remains relatively widespread, particularly among individuals over 60 in the United States and the United Kingdom, where studies indicate up to a 20% deficiency rate. This deficiency often arises from limited dietary intake, issues with nutrient absorption, certain medical conditions, or medications that deplete B12 levels.
The normal, borderline, and deficient B12 levels are defined as over 300 pg/mL, 200-300 pg/mL, and under 200 pg/mL, respectively. The risk of B12 deficiency increases with age due to a decrease in the body’s ability to absorb this vitamin from food. However, this does not exclude younger populations, including pregnant and nursing individuals, from the risk.
- Fatigue
- Headaches
- Pale or Yellow Skin
- Gastrointestinal Issues
- Difficulty Concentrating and Mental Impairment
- Depressive Symptoms
- Paresthesia in Hands and Feet
- Muscle Cramps and Weakness
- Impaired Coordination
- Pain and Inflammation of the Mouth and Tongue [1]
Fatigue
Fatigue is a common sign of B12 deficiency. B12 is vital in producing red blood cells, which transport oxygen throughout the body. A shortage of B12 hampers this process, leading to reduced oxygen delivery and, consequently, fatigue. Megaloblastic anemia, a specific condition resulting from B12 deficiency, causes the production of large, immature red blood cells, further impairing oxygen transportation and DNA synthesis. This anemia can significantly impact daily energy levels, making even simple tasks daunting.
